Cranberry Vaccinium macrocarpon Family: Ericaceae CTFA name: Vaccinium Macrocarpon (Cranberry) Fruit Extract

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Photo © Steven Foster

Introduction

Also known as “low-bush cranberry”, Vaccinium macrocarpon is a trailing, evergreen, slender-stemmed shrub with leathery leaves, white to pink flowers, and glossy red, tart flavored fruit. Native to North America, the plant is also grown in northern and central Europe. A juice is produced from the fruit and is extensively marketed in the United States, with Massachusetts as the major producer.¹  

History and Cultural Significance

The Iroquois and the Cherokee tribes viewed the cranberry as a symbol of peace and friendship.²  Historically, cranberries were used by American settlers in poultices for treating wounds and blood poisoning, and were eaten to prevent scurvy (a disease caused by Vitamin C deficiency). Cranberries and their leaves were used for treating various conditions including stomach ailments, liver problems, fever, swollen glands, and mumps.²  

Traditionally, the fruit has also been used to treat urinary tract infections²  and as a urinary deodorizer for people with incontinence.³  In foods, cranberries are used widely in fruit juice, jelly, and sauce.

Modern Research

A number of clinical studies in recent years have shown positive outcomes for the use of cranberry juice and its extract for urinary tract health.^4,5,6,7  

Future Outlook

For a time overproduction diminished the price of cranberries.⁸  Due to its health benefits, cranberry has attracted widespread media and industry attention in recent years. Moving from beverages and mineral waters into dairy and confectionary products, cranberry is now recognized as a key ingredient in the supplement market.⁹  Because of the increased awareness of the importance of healthy nutrition, the future of cranberries appears to be assured.